Pilot words
Knot. One nautical mile an hour. Pilots and sailors measure speed in knots.
Rotate. The moment on the takeoff roll when the pilot pulls back and the nose comes up.
Flaps. Panels on the back of the wing. Down, they let the airplane fly slower for takeoff and landing. F puts them down a notch, V brings them up a notch. With the radio on you can also call for them, the way a captain does: “Max, flaps one.”
Stall. The wing is tilted up too far, or moving too slowly, and stops lifting. The fix is nose down and more power.
PAPI. Four lights beside the runway. Two red and two white means you are on the right slope. More red is too low.
Flare. Lifting the nose just before the wheels touch, so the landing is soft.
Feet per minute. How fast you are going up or down. A soft landing is under 200.
Traffic pattern. The rectangle airplanes fly around a runway: upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, final.